How LLMs work, part 6: fine-tuning and LoRA, with a hands-on guide

After pretraining, a model knows a language but not how to be useful. Fine-tuning turns it into something that follows instructions, solves your task or speaks in your domain. This is part 6 of our series on how LLMs work. You will learn what fine-tuning is, the difference between full fine-tuning and LoRA, and then fine-tune a small open model yourself with about 60 lines of tested Python.